Tao is a very indescribable concept, which is sometimes even not well explained to ordinary Chinese, let alone for foreign readers to understand. Early sinologists used domestication in the process of translation (they obscured) the differences between eastern and western cultures) play a certain role in the dissemination of sinology, and the Chinese classics were more popular with foreign readers. With the continuous development of China, the previous translations are being revised, and the differences between Chinese and western cultures are gradually emerging.
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关于道家思想的四个视频，大家有什么疑问？可以相互回答或者讨论。
关于道家思想的四个视频，大家有什么疑问？可以相互回答或者讨论。
62 回复
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我注《老子》，《老子》注我。
“道”字意义丰富，可译为“Tao”"Way" "Law" "truth".需要根据翻译的目的，采用归化或异化的策略，结合上下文来选词。
关于“道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名”许渊冲先生的译版在我看来比较切合老子哲学的方法论。“The divine law (or truth) can be known, but it may not be the law well-known to you (or well-known truth). Things may be named, but names are not the things.”天法客观之道是可以为人所认识，即“可知论”，但不是人们经常说的世俗观念的道理；万物可以取名命名，但是名字仅为符号，不等于实物。将“常”译为“well-known",这又与《老子》后继出现的“无欲” “无为”“无德” 有着微妙的联系。
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What the difference between ZhuangZi's idea and LaoZi's idea?
Can the understanding of Tao be regarded as the belief of Chinese？And why?
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我用中文回答你的第一个问题 1、保全自己方法不同。 道家的第一阶段是杨朱，通过“隐”，逃离人世，遁迹山林来保全自己。老子道家第二阶段，通过“道”，也就是宇宙事物变化的规律，让事情向着有利于自己的方向发展，来保全自己。庄子是道家的第三阶段，庄子从“齐生死，一物我”的高度来看生死，超越现实的世界。 2、老子假无为，庄子真无为 3、老子寡情权谋，庄子善感人生。 相同处： 庄子思想是从老子思想发展而来，他把老子的道发展成主观唯心主义，把朴素的辩证法发展成为相对主义老子、庄子思想的共同点在于：他们都超越人生伦理价值层次，不重视现实人生善恶的区别。他们探讨的是人生最根本的存在价值问题，也就是生死价值的问题。 他们凭着自己真实的人生体验，描述了人生存在客观而永恒的依据：道，所以，人们称他们为道家。
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Why Wuwei can achieve the purpose of wei?
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也许“无为”要“不妄为”，要“顺自然而为”。
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我觉得老子的无为并非无所作为，是指顺应自然的规律而不加以人为的任何强制，强调尊重自然本性，自我完善，达到自我的思想顿悟，从而实现有为
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“无为”不是无所作为，而是不妄作为。因为不违背客观规律，遵循客观规律而为，所以无所不为
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无为，就是不做任何违反自然规律，有损道德规范，违反社会法则和有害众生的事。这里的无为含有不妄为，不乱为，顺应客观态势，尊重自然规律。 老子说过“无为而无不为”意思就是说：不妄为，就没有什么事情是做不成的。
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我认为这里老子说的“无为”并不是要限制或者刻意阻止某个人去做某件事情，老子的意思应该是凡事不要刻意为之，不然很可能适得其反，什么都做不成，类似于心急吃不了热豆腐一样的概念。
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Daoism pays more attention to inner world. while Confucianism focuses more on external world.
道的四种翻译：the metaphysical and transcendantal being, from which all beings are generated/Such laws as the law of the transformation of the opposites or of circulating movement/behavior norms/ the way
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Q：What is the difference between de or virtue in Confucianism and that in Daoism?
Some notes:
Confucianism : of positivism-- personal and societal upbringing ✖
Daoism: of pessimism-- retreat from cultivation ✖
For both aim at balance: harmony-- make peace with the world.
Difference: Confucianism: peace with the external world-- society & ethical regulations
vs Daoism: peace with the inner world-- one's physical and mental state of being
Dao: obscure, immaterial, still & solitary
Dao: unfathomable, ineffable, indescribable (即“道不可道”）free from desire
Methodology of Dao: Wuwei -- one no obsessed with what the name asks of oneself
Wuwei: trying to separate "wei" from what "wei", to do usually entails, forgeting about what is entailed in "doing", and get what you want throug "not doing"
The translation of Dao in Chinese: the metaphysical and transcendental being, the law of the transformation of the opposition, or circulating movement, behavior norms, and the way
Why the missionaries view Dao as God: target readers, domestication-- convenient for the universality of Christianity
Why foreignization: the declining of western belief
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What's the difference between those versions of"道"?
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The translators give different versions out of different purposes. 1.Christian God. This version was used by missionaries, early sinologists and philosophers in 18-19 centuries. They considered the target readers. “Christian God” was more understandable to the westerners. 2.The Way/Tao. The background was that people began to discover the alien cultures.
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How to understand that in Daoism, to do usually makes you away from what you want to get? Examples?
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What is the practical significance of Laozi's Taoism to today?
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老子的“道法自然”在如今可以体现在重视生态幸福观，大力推进生态文明建设。以及老子主张的贵身、爱物、知足、节俭都是指导我们敬畏生命、适度消费、过“慢”生活的优良思想。再比如老子告诫有权有势的人要“直而不肆，光而不耀”去除身上的浮躁与炫耀，保持谦卑体下的精神。他的思想对于我们现在这个浮躁、快节奏的社会在各个方面都有很好的借鉴意义。
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当前，现代市场经济的快速发展和实用功利主义的过度膨胀，人们往往强调工具、手段的合理性，看重的是物质利益的满足，长远利益受到忽视。因而，和谐文化的建设出现了不和谐因素。“人文精神”的失落也催生了普遍的“人文困惑”。“看病难、看病贵、教育乱收费、住房价格过高”都属于“人文困惑”。 《道德经》可以很好的缓解此类问题。《道德经》向人们力陈过分追求“声色货利”所带来的危害，此有违社会“自然、无为、朴素”的和谐发展规律，并指出，唯有“知足”，方可长久；唯有“寡欲”，方能无咎。
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1. Confucianism&Daoism
similarity: both aim at a kind of balance and harmony
difference: C: make peace with the external world
D: make peace with the inner world
2. Dao: unclear(immaterial)
still&solitary
tranquil(德)
3. Daoism fatalsim: things in the universe are non-constant and keep changing(解构主义：truth is unspeakable)
4. Desire(of naming): free from desire to experience reality 无欲
5. four types of meaning of Dao:
the metaphysical and transcendental being, from which all beings are generated
such laws(规律) as the law of the transformation of the opposites(对立转化), or of circulating movement(循环往复)
behavior norms
the way
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I found it interesting that Dao is unnamable, and the Dao can be defined is not real Dao. It reminds me of what I learned in Linguistics class, the naming theory. I think maybe names help us to comprehend the world and spread our thinking in the first place, but they gradually fall into misunderstanding and limitation.
Also I found the concept of Wuwei quite thought-provoking, but I wonder that can we say Wuwei stresses accumulation? Like, "don't be obsessed with your goal, and work hard every day"? If so, if one is really free from desire and obey the doctrine of Wuwei, and suppose he succeeds, can he still be happy (as he has no desire, so he has no sense of accomplishment)?
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Q: In Dao De Jing, what does De mean? And what is the relationship between Dao and De?
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顺道为德。以道为体，以德为用。道家之德，非儒家之德。 In this material world, the secular etiquette essentially restrains the human nature, and Confucianism emphasizes to follow the rules of the secular etiquette. The taoists insist that you just go back to your natural nature. Dao De Ching is a book of preaching. The word Tao can be simply understood as the law between heaven and earth. One of the virtues of Taoism is to conform to the law between heaven and earth. Then go with your own nature. So the first part Dao Ching is about the nature of heaven, and the second part De Ching is about how to conply with the cycle of heaven and how to conform to one's own nature.
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道家思想对于君权一直是“虚君”“无君”的态度，庄子“上如标枝，民如野鹿”，老子“不尚贤”，那么对于中央集权，君主专制逐渐加强的历史来说，道家思想是否有一定落后作用（小国寡民），或者阻碍发展，对于汉初统治者推行黄老思想，是否可以理解为是一种“药”，用来治愈急需修养的民生问题，西晋佛教传入，自后道家思想再未出现于政治舞台，是否可以理解为佛教是比道家思想更符合统治者利益的，那么总观来说，道家思想普遍不为统治者所提倡，是因为人们对其理解不够透彻呢还是已经认识到其某种阻碍进步的本质?
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可能是道家思想本身对统治起着阻碍作用。儒家认为治理国家应该通过一系列的章程和约束，主张的君臣父子严格的等级关系，这有利于巩固中央集权；而道家却与之相反，道家崇尚自然，有辩证法的因素和无神论的倾向，主张清静无为，反对斗争；提倡道法自然，无所不容，无为而治，与自然和谐相处。
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汉初的黄老思想与后期道家思想未出现在政治舞台可以看出道家思想擅于治理乱世，道家掌握自然和社会规律可以用于人民调养生息，但太平盛世却不利于统治者统治。儒家思想推行森严的封建等级制度，要求死忠君主，更符合统治阶级利益，维护社会稳定，地位和统治基础。道家思想在封建社会应该是阻碍了封建社会当时发展的自然潮流，而不被统治者提倡。
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I still can't understand why Dao is achieved through the absence of desire. Is there any absolute relationship between the two? At this level, how do we understand the Dao related to desire？
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desire: such a desire is in nature linguistic,trying to keep the referential relationship between words and their usual concepts.
For example, "virtue" usualy refers"self-scrafice" or "women should be confined with household" at that time. But, if one even doesn not know the cause he is scraficing himself with, such endeavor is a kind og fooliness.
So the Dao recipe is to forget about what is entailed in "doing", and then get what you want through "not doing". The story of "萧规曹随"reveals the opinion that to"do" does not mean to "busy up"oneself. We could break such settled approximate like"get up early and study hard to achieve success" , and to do the things in a harmonly way（ to comply with the natural law,不妄为）
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