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  彭莎颖5班50102 • 2023-06-15

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  1. English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

  • /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  • /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  • /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

  These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

  1. The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

  • Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

  • Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

  • Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

  • Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

  • Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

   

  These basic requirements help describe the position and characteristics of English vowels, allowing for a systematic analysis and classification of vowel sounds in the language.

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  卓姝婕3班50050 • 2023-06-15

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  1. English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

  • /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  • /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  • /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

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  卓姝婕3班50050 • 2023-06-15

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  1. English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

  • /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  • /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  • /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

  These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

  1. The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

  • Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

  • Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

  • Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

  • Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

  • Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

   

  These basic requirements help describe the position and characteristics of English vowels, allowing for a systematic analysis and classification of vowel sounds in the language.

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  胡彬艳5班50023 • 2023-06-16

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  1. English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

  • /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  • /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  • /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

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  胡彬艳5班50023 • 2023-06-16

  1. The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

  • Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

  • Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

  • Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

  • Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

  • Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

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  吴静雯6班50111 • 2023-06-16

  1. Organs: lips, tongue, teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate.

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  黄焱5班50073 • 2023-06-16

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  1. English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

  • /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  • /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  • /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

  These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

  1. The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

  • Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

  • Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

  • Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

  • Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

  • Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

   

  These basic requirements help describe the position and characteristics of English vowels, allowing for a systematic analysis and classification of vowel sounds in the language.

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  6班贺庆玲 • 2023-06-17

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  1. English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

  • /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  • /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  • /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

  These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

  1. The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

  • Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

  • Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

  • Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

  • Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

  • Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

   

  These basic requirements help describe the position and characteristics of English vowels, allowing for a systematic analysis and classification of vowel sounds in the language.

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  宋佳宁 • 2023-06-17

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  1. English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

  • /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  • /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  • /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

  These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

  1. The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

  • Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

  • Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

  • Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

  • Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

  • Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

   

  These basic requirements help describe the position and characteristics of English vowels, allowing for a systematic analysis and classification of vowel sounds in the language.

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  张云童4班50062 • 2023-06-17

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

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  陈信 • 2023-06-17

  English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. 

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  王婷5班50100 • 2023-06-18

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: 

  • Tongue: 

  • Teeth: 

  • Alveolar Ridge: 

  • Hard Palate: 

  • Soft Palate (Velum): 

  2.English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation.

  3.The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

  • Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

  • Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

  • Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

  • Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

  • Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

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  彭琳 • 2023-06-19

  The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:
  Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation.

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  杨卓帆4班50069 • 2023-06-19

  The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:
  Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:
  /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).
  These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

  The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:
  Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

  Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

  Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

  Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

  Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."
   

  These basic requirements help describe the position and characteristics of English vowels, allowing for a systematic analysis and classification of vowel sounds in the language.

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  赵梓渝 • 2023-06-19

  The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:
  Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:
  /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

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  许艺潇4班50089 • 2023-06-19

  The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  • English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

  • /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  • /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  • /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

  These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

  1. The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

  • Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

  • Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

  • Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

  • Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

  • Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

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  李思洋 • 2023-06-20

  1. he active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  1. English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

  • /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  • /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  • /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

  These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

  1. The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

  • Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

  • Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

  • Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

  • Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

  • Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

   

  These basic requirements help describe the position and characteristics of English vowels, allowing for a systematic analysis and classification of vowel sounds in the language.

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  杜思奇 • 2023-06-20

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

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  杜思奇 • 2023-06-20

  1. English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

  • /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  • /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  • /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

  These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

  1. The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

  • Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

  • Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

  • Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

  • Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

  • Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

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  Lyrics • 2023-06-20

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  1. English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

  • /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  • /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  • /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

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  张彬彬5班50088 • 2023-06-20

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

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  张彬彬5班50088 • 2023-06-20

  2.English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation.

  3.The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

  • Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

  • Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

  • Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

  • Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

  • Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

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  隗伊5班50083 • 2023-06-20

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  1. English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

  • /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  • /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  • /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

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  周文2班50086 • 2023-06-20

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  1. English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

  • /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  • /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  • /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

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  谈天1班50098 • 2023-06-20

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

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  卢禹诺 • 2023-06-20

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  1. English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

  • /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  • /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  • /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

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  陈艺萌2班50040 • 2023-06-20

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  1. English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

  • /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  • /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  • /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

  These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

  1. The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

  • Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

  • Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

  • Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

  • Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

  • Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

   

  These basic requirements help describe the position and characteristics of English vowels, allowing for a systematic analysis and classification of vowel sounds in the language.

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  潘世豪 • 2023-06-26

  The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

   

  Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

   

  Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

   

  Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

   

  Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

   

  Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

   

  English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

  /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).

  /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).

  /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

  These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

   

  The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

  Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

   

  Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

   

  Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

   

  Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

   

  Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

   

   

  These basic requirements help describe the position and characteristics of English vowels, allowing for a systematic analysis and classification of vowel sounds in the language.

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  宣玉涵 • 2023-06-26

  1. The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

  • Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

  • Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

  • Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

  • Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

  • Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

  • Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

  1. English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

  • /p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
  • /t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
  • /k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

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  夏凡 • 2023-06-27

  The active articulators of the organs of speech refer to the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in the production of speech sounds. They include:

  1. Lips (Labial): The lips are used in the production of sounds like /p/, /b/, /m/, /f/, /v/.

  2. Teeth (Dental): The tongue often makes contact with the teeth in producing sounds like /θ/ and /ð/ as in "think" and "this."

  3. Alveolar Ridge (Alveolar): The alveolar ridge, which is the area just behind the upper front teeth, is involved in the production of sounds like /t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /n/, /l/.

  4. Hard Palate (Palatal): The hard palate, which is the roof of the mouth, is involved in the production of sounds like /j/ as in "yes" and /ʃ/ as in "she."

  5. Velum (Velar): The velum, or soft palate, is involved in the production of sounds like /k/, /g/, /ŋ/ as in "king."

  6. Vocal cords (Glottal): The vocal cords, located in the larynx, are involved in the production of sounds like /h/ and voiced sounds such as /v/, /z/.

  English consonants are made by obstructing or constricting the airflow in the vocal tract. This obstruction or constriction, combined with the manner of airflow and voicing, determines the specific consonant sound. For example:

  The consonant sound /p/ in the word "pat" is made by bringing the lips together to fully block the airflow, followed by a release. It is a voiceless bilabial stop.

  The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

  1. Height: This refers to the vertical position of the tongue in the mouth. English vowels are commonly described as high, mid, or low. Examples of high vowels are /i/ as in "see" and /u/ as in "too."

  2. Backness: This refers to the horizontal position of the tongue in the mouth. English vowels can be described as front, central, or back. Examples of back vowels are /o/ as in "go" and /ɑ/ as in "car."

  3. Tenseness: This refers to the muscular tension of the tongue when producing a vowel sound. English vowels can be categorized as tense or lax. Examples of tense vowels are /i/ as in "see" and /e/ as in "gate," while lax vowels include /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /æ/ as in "cat."

  4. Lip rounding: This refers to whether the lips are rounded or unrounded during the production of a vowel sound. Examples of rounded vowels are /u/ as in "too" and /o/ as in "go," while unrounded vowels include /i/ as in "see" and /æ/ as in "cat."

  These basic requirements help describe and differentiate the various vowel sounds in English.

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